The Consortium on Security and Humanitarian Action
Following the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, speculations arose in policy circles as to how this would influence the ongoing conflicts in Sri Lanka and Aceh. Both conflicts had seen decades of violent fighting between separatist rebel groups and government forces with thousands of casualties on all sides.
On 24 October 2005, sixty years after its creation, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a voluminous resolution, A/RES/60/1, reflecting the outcome of a lengthy process that culminated in a World Summit meant to bring the United Nations into the twenty-first century. One of the main features of this resolution was the establishment of a Peacebuilding Commission “as an intergovernmental advisory body.”
After many failed attempts to protect civilians from mass atrocities, in September 2005 the international community, through the United Nations, endorsed a new norm called the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) which commits the international community to protect populations from genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and ethnic cleansing. Three years later, much remains to be done to make R2P a reality.